Sarplaninac

The Sarplaninac originated in the Šar Mountains (Šar Planina) of Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Albania. Shepherds developed the breed to guard sheep and goats in harsh, predator-rich environments. Recognized for their bravery and independence, Sarplaninacs were an essential part of rural Balkan life. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) recognized the breed in 1939 under the name Illyrian Shepherd Dog, later officially adopting the name Sarplaninac. Today, they are valued in their native regions for livestock work and increasingly sought after as guardians in rural parts of North America and Europe.

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A large, robust guardian dog with a dense double coat and imposing build.

• Weight: 80–100 lbs (male), 70–90 lbs (female)
• Height: 24–28 in (male), 22–26 in (female)
• Coat Type: Thick double coat with medium to long outer hair
• Coat Colors: Solid colors from white to dark brown, often gray or fawn; darker facial mask common
• Distinctive Physical Traits: Strong, muscular frame; bushy tail; dark, expressive eyes; heavy mane around neck

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Moderate grooming, heavier during shedding seasons.

• Brushing: 1–2 times per week; daily during seasonal shedding
• Bathing: Every 8–12 weeks or as needed
• Ear Cleaning: Weekly to prevent infections
• Nail Trimming: Every 3–4 weeks
• Shedding: Heavy during spring and fall coat “blowing”

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Moderate activity needs but requires space to roam.

• Daily Exercise: 45–60 minutes of walking, patrol, or light play
• Ideal Activities: Livestock guarding, hiking, secure outdoor exploration
• Suitability: Best for rural or semi-rural homes with large fenced areas

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Independent-minded and naturally protective, requiring experienced handling.

• Training Style: Firm, patient, and consistent; avoid harsh methods
• Socialization: Early, ongoing exposure to people, animals, and new situations is essential
• Mental Stimulation: Guardian duties, scent work, and purposeful outdoor activity
• Challenge Level: High—best suited to experienced owners familiar with guardian breeds

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A balanced diet supports their large size and steady energy needs.

• Food Type: High-quality dry kibble or fresh/raw diet for large breeds
• Daily Quantity: 4–6 cups split into two meals
• Feeding Schedule: Twice daily
• Diet Tips: Joint-support supplements (glucosamine, chondroitin) recommended for long-term mobility

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Generally hardy but can be prone to large-breed health issues.

• Common Issues: Hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, bloat (gastric torsion)
• Life Expectancy: 11–13 years
• Health Testing: Hip and elbow evaluations recommended for breeding dogs

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Rare outside the Balkans but available through dedicated breeders and guardian dog networks.

• Breeders: Choose reputable breeders who prioritize temperament and health
• Adoption: Check livestock guardian breed rescues and rural rehoming groups
• Canadian Resources: No CKC-specific club; contact LGD breed associations for leads

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