Chihuahua

A Mesoamerican toy breed with probable roots in ancient Techichi-type dogs kept by the Toltec/Aztec peoples, the modern Chihuahua was developed in Mexico and popularized in North America in the late 19th–early 20th century. Selective breeding fixed a pocket-sized companion with a bold, watchful outlook. Today, Chihuahuas excel as loving companions and fun sport dogs (rally, agility at low jumps, tricks).

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A dainty, balanced toy with an apple-shaped head and bright, expressive eyes.

• Weight: Typically 2–6 lb (0.9–2.7 kg)
• Height: ~5–8 in (13–20 cm) at the shoulder
• Coat Type: Smooth Coat (short, close-lying) or Long Coat (soft, fine, with ear/tail/leg furnishings)
• Coat Colours: Any colour or pattern; markings vary
• Distinctive Physical Traits: Rounded “apple” skull, large mobile ears, fine bone, compact body, graceful prance, preference for warmth; some dogs retain a small open fontanel (“molera”)

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Low-maintenance overall; coat type dictates brushing routine—teeth are priority.

• Smooth Coat: Brush 1×/week with a rubber mitt; quick wipe-down between baths
• Long Coat: Brush/comb 2–3×/week (line-comb behind ears, armpits, breeches)
• Bathing: Every 3–6 weeks or as needed; fully dry Long Coat furnishings
• Teeth: Brush daily if possible (toy breeds are high-risk for periodontal disease)
• Nails/Ears: Trim nails every 2–3 weeks; clean ears weekly
• Seasonal Care: Sweaters/coats in Canadian winters; avoid prolonged sun on pale noses/ears
• Shedding: Smooth—low to moderate; Long—moderate, heavier seasonally

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Small body, decent motor—protect joints and trachea while staying active.

• Daily Duration: 30–45 minutes total (split short walks + indoor play/training)
• Great Activities: Trick training, scent games, fetch down hallways, low-jump agility, stroller breaks on long outings
• Suitability: Excellent for condos; use a harness (not collar) to protect the trachea

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Smart, sensitive, and eager to bond—keep sessions upbeat and tiny-dog friendly.

• Approach: Positive reinforcement; 3–8 minute sessions; gentle handling
• Focus Areas: House training with a schedule, mat/“place” for calm, quiet on cue (alert barkers), cooperative care (teeth/nails)
• Socialization: Early, kind exposure to people/dogs/surfaces; pair new sights with treats to prevent wariness
• Safety Skills: Harness acclimation, recall to a mat, “pick-up cue” before crowds or icy sidewalks

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Measure precisely—tiny dogs gain quickly.

• Food Type: High-quality toy/small-breed formula or balanced fresh diet
• Daily Quantity: ~¼–¾ cup/day total, split into two meals (adjust to weight/food)
• Puppies: Multiple small meals to avoid hypoglycemia
• Diet Advice: Keep BCS 4–5/9; count training treats; add omega-3s (EPA/DHA) for skin/joints; fresh water always

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Generally long-lived; dental and orthopedic care are key.

• Dental: Periodontal disease, retained baby teeth—daily brushing + vet dentals
• Orthopedic: Patellar luxation, Legg–Calvé–Perthes in some lines
• Respiratory/Neck: Tracheal collapse—use a harness, keep weight down
• Neuro/Developmental: Open fontanel (molera) in some; rare hydrocephalus—discuss with vet/breeder
• Cardiac: Mitral valve disease occurs in toy breeds—routine auscultation
• Eyes: Corneal injury/dry eye; watch for irritation in windy/cold weather
• Metabolic: Puppy hypoglycemia risk; manage with frequent meals
• Life Expectancy: 12–16+ years
• Recommended Testing (breeders): Patellas, eyes (CAER); hips where available; share dentition/heart history in the line

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Choose transparency on size, dentition, and patellas—or consider rescue.

• Breeders: Seek CKC-affiliated preservation breeders who provide patella/eye results, discuss dentition, and offer lifetime take-back
• Adoption: Toy-breed/Chihuahua rescues often have adults/seniors—great for quieter homes
• Canadian Resources: CKC breeder directory; Chihuahua Club of Canada; local toy-breed, obedience, and trick clubs (ON/BC/QC/AB)

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