Xoloitzcuintli

The Xoloitzcuintli is one of the world’s oldest dog breeds, with archaeological evidence dating back over 3,000 years in Mexico. Revered by the Aztec, Toltec, and Maya civilizations, the Xolo was considered a sacred companion and believed to guide souls to the afterlife. Named after the Aztec god Xolotl and the Nahuatl word for dog (itzcuintli), the breed was valued for its companionship, spiritual significance, and natural warmth. Nearly extinct in the mid-20th century, the Xolo was revived through preservation efforts and is now celebrated as Mexico’s national dog, recognized by the American Kennel Club in 2011.

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A sleek, elegant, and athletic dog available in three sizes and two coat types.

• Weight:
  • Toy: 10–15 lbs
  • Miniature: 15–30 lbs
  • Standard: 30–55 lbs
• Height:
  • Toy: 10–14 in
  • Miniature: 14–18 in
  • Standard: 18–23 in
• Coat Type: Hairless variety has smooth, tough skin; coated variety has short, sleek hair
• Coat Colors: Solid black, gray, slate, bronze, brindle, fawn, red, or liver
• Distinctive Physical Traits: Almond-shaped eyes, large upright ears, graceful body lines

Low-maintenance grooming requirements, especially for the hairless variety.

• Brushing: Coated Xolos—weekly brushing; hairless—occasional soft cloth wipe-down
• Skin Care: Hairless variety requires sunscreen when outdoors and occasional moisturizing to prevent dryness
• Bathing: Every 4–6 weeks or as needed
• Ear Cleaning: Weekly to prevent wax buildup
• Nail Trimming: Every 3–4 weeks
• Shedding: Minimal in coated variety; none in hairless variety

Moderate activity needs, but consistent daily exercise is important.

• Daily Exercise: 30–60 minutes of walks, play, or training
• Ideal Activities: Walks, agility, obedience, scent games
• Suitability: Adapts well to apartments or houses with secure yards

Highly intelligent and eager to bond, but can be sensitive.

• Training Style: Gentle, positive reinforcement works best
• Socialization: Early socialization to prevent shyness or overprotectiveness
• Mental Stimulation: Trick training, puzzle toys, and varied activities
• Challenge Level: Low to moderate—quick learners but need patient handling

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Balanced nutrition supports their lean build and skin health.

• Food Type: High-quality dry kibble, fresh, or raw diet
• Daily Quantity: ½–2 cups split into two meals (varies by size)
• Feeding Schedule: Twice daily
• Diet Tips: Include omega fatty acids for skin health

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The Xoloitzcuintli is rare in Canada but available through select breeders and rescues.

• Breeders: Choose CKC or reputable breeders who follow ethical breeding standards
• Adoption: Look for Xolo-specific rescues and rare-breed adoption groups
• Canadian Resources: Canadian Kennel Club breeder listings, Xoloitzcuintli Club of America

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Generally healthy but can have some breed-specific considerations.

• Common Issues: Dental problems (especially in hairless variety), skin sensitivities, luxating patella, hip dysplasia (in larger sizes)
• Life Expectancy: 13–18 years
• Health Testing: Dental checks, hip evaluations, and skin health monitoring recommended

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Are Xoloitzcuintlis hypoallergenic?
They are low-shedding and may suit some allergy sufferers, but no dog is completely hypoallergenic.

Do hairless Xolos need sunscreen?
Yes, to protect from sunburn during outdoor activities.

Are they good family dogs?
Yes, they are loyal, affectionate, and protective of their families.

Do they bark a lot?
They tend to bark as watchdogs but are not generally excessive barkers.

Are they easy to train?
Yes, they are intelligent and responsive to gentle, consistent training.

Do they get along with other pets?
Yes, with proper socialization, they do well with other animals.

How much grooming do they need?
Minimal—basic coat or skin care is enough.