Belgian Malinois

One of the four Belgian Shepherd varieties, the Malinois originated as a herder near the city of Mechelen (Malines). Its keen drive and responsiveness led to roles in police, military, detection, and protection sports.

Athletic and well-balanced with hallmark breed features.

• Weight: 55–75 lb (25–34 kg)
• Height: 22–26 in (56–66 cm)
• Coat type: Short, dense double coat
• Coat colors: Fawn to mahogany with black mask; black-tipped hairs common
• Distinctive traits: Square, athletic frame; alert expression; high muscle definition

Low to moderate maintenance; heavy seasonal sheds.

• Brushing: Weekly; daily during coat blow.
• Bathing: Every 6–8 weeks or when dirty.
• Nails/Teeth: Trim nails every 2–3 weeks; brush teeth 2–3×/week.

Very high drive—requires serious outlets for energy and intelligence.

• Daily duration: 90+ minutes plus structured training.
• Activities: Obedience, agility, IGP/PSA (with professionals), tracking, running, hiking.
• Environment: Secure fencing; firm routines and jobs.

Thrives on clear criteria, consistency, and positive reinforcement.

• Approach: Reward-based with structure; avoid chaotic or harsh handling.
• Focus areas: Impulse control, neutrality, off-switch in the home.
• Handlers: Suited to experienced owners committed to ongoing training.

Feed for athletic performance and lean condition.

• Food type: Complete diet (kibble or balanced fresh).
• Quantity: ~3–5 cups/day in 2 meals; adjust to workload.

Seek breeders who work and title dogs, with comprehensive health testing.

• Breeders: CKC/AKC club referrals; hips/elbows/eyes clearances.
• Rescue: Belgian Malinois rescues; ensure adopter experience and environment match.

Generally robust; choose breeders who screen breeding stock.

• Orthopedic: Hip/elbow dysplasia.
• Eyes: Screening recommended.
• GI: Large, active dogs can be at risk of bloat; manage meals and post-exercise rest.
• Life expectancy: 12–14 years.

Is the Belgian Malinois good for first-time owners?
Generally no—best for experienced handlers.

Do Malinois shed?
Yes—moderate year-round with heavy seasonal blow.

Can they live in apartments?
Possible only with very high daily exercise and training.

What sports suit them?
IGP/PSA, agility, tracking, obedience with professional guidance.

Are they protective?
Often watchful by nature—socialization and control are essential.