Tornjak

The Tornjak’s roots date back over 1,000 years in the Dinaric Alps region of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. References to the breed appear in historical writings from the 11th and 14th centuries. Bred to guard livestock from wolves, bears, and other predators, Tornjaks were prized for their courage, reliability, and ability to think independently. The breed’s name comes from the Croatian word tor, meaning sheep pen, and pas, meaning dog. Nearly extinct by the mid-20th century, the Tornjak was revived through dedicated preservation efforts in the 1970s and officially recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 2017.

‍

A large, powerful, and well-proportioned guardian dog with a thick coat.

• Weight: 75–130 lbs (male), 65–110 lbs (female)
• Height: 24–28 in (male), 23–27 in (female)
• Coat Type: Long, dense double coat with thick undercoat
• Coat Colors: White with patches of black, brown, or various shades of grey
• Distinctive Physical Traits: Large head, strong jaw, bushy tail carried in a curve, deep chest

‍

The Tornjak’s thick coat requires regular upkeep, especially during shedding seasons.

• Brushing: 2–3 times per week; daily during heavy seasonal shedding
• Bathing: Every 2–3 months or as needed
• Ear Cleaning: Weekly to prevent infections
• Nail Trimming: Every 3–4 weeks
• Shedding: Heavy during seasonal coat changes; moderate otherwise

‍

An active working breed that thrives with daily outdoor activity.

• Daily Exercise: 60–90 minutes of walking, free running, or farm work
• Ideal Activities: Livestock guarding, hiking, outdoor play, scent patrol
• Suitability: Best for rural or spacious homes with secure fencing

‍

Intelligent and independent, the Tornjak responds best to experienced handlers.

• Training Style: Calm, confident leadership using positive reinforcement
• Socialization: Early and consistent socialization with people, animals, and varied environments is essential
• Mental Stimulation: Guardian tasks, scent work, problem-solving games
• Challenge Level: Moderate—quick learners but independent thinkers

‍

A balanced diet supports their large size and active nature.

• Food Type: High-quality dry kibble or fresh/raw diet for large breeds
• Daily Quantity: 4–6 cups split into two meals, adjusted for activity level
• Feeding Schedule: Twice daily
• Diet Tips: Include joint-support supplements and omega fatty acids for coat health

‍

Tornjaks are rare outside their native region.

• Breeders: Seek reputable breeders focused on working ability and temperament
• Adoption: Rare in rescues; check livestock guardian breed networks
• Canadian Resources: Canadian Kennel Club breeder listings, international Tornjak breed clubs

‍

Generally healthy, but may be prone to large-breed health issues.

• Common Issues: Hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, bloat (gastric torsion)
• Life Expectancy: 12–14 years
• Health Testing: Hip and elbow evaluations recommended for breeding dogs

‍

Are Tornjaks good family dogs?
Yes, they are gentle and loyal with family, including children.

Do they bark a lot?
They will bark to alert or deter intruders but are not generally excessive barkers.

Are they good with other pets?
Yes, when socialized, but they may be protective around unfamiliar animals.

Do they shed heavily?
Yes, especially during seasonal coat changes.

Are they easy to train?
Yes, for experienced handlers—requires patience and consistency.

Are they hypoallergenic?
No.

How much exercise do they need?
At least 60–90 minutes daily.

‍